Philippe Bourgois

Articles in English

Artículos en Español

Articles en Français

Artigos em Português

Articoli in Italiano

Photo credit Jeff Schonberg

Articles in English

2024

"The Emerging Fentanyl–Xylazine Syndemic in the USA: Challenges and Future Directions." The Lancet. Zhu, D, Friedman J, Bourgois P, Montero F, & Tamang S.

2023

"A Qualitative Study of Perceptions and Preferences Regarding Social and Behavioral Risk Screening Among Primary Care Patients." Journal of General Internal Medicine. Takada, S, Shen, Z, Bourgois, P, Duru, O, Gelberg, L, Han, M, Javanbakht, M, Shoptaw, S, Wells, K, & Ryan, G

"Fentanyl, heroin, and methamphetamine-based counterfeit pills sold at tourist-oriented pharmacies in Mexico: An ethnographic and drug checking study." Drug and Alcohol Dependence. Friedman, J, Godvin, M, Molina, C, Romero, R, Borquez, A, Avra, T, Goodman-Meza, D, Strathdee, S, Bourgois, P, & Shover, C.

" Rethinking urban-rural designations in public health surveillance of the overdose crisis and crafting an agenda for future monitoring." International Journal on Drug Policy. Textor, L, Friedman, J, Bourgois, P, Aronowitz, S, Simon, C, Jauffret-Roustide, M, Namirembe, S, Brothers, S, McNeil, R, Knight, K, & Hansen, H.

"A lotta people switched playing hard ball to playing Russian roulette: Experiences with rising overdose incidence caused by drug supply changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in the San Diego-Tijuana border metroplex." Drug and Alcohol Dependence. Valasek CJ, Streuli SA, Pines HA, Strathdee SA, Borquez A, Bourgois P, Stamos-Buesig T, Vera CF, Harvey-Vera A, Bazzi A

" Substance Use Policy and Practice in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Learning from Early Pandemic Responses through Internationally Comparative Field Data." Global Public Health. Twelfth author with Aronowitz, S, Carroll, J, Hansen, H, Jauffret-Roustide, M, Parker, CM, Suhail-Sindhu, S, Albizu-Garcia, C, Alegria, M, Arrendondo, J, Baldacchino, A, Bluthental, R, Burraway, J, Chen, J, Ekhtiari, H, Elkhoy, H, Farhoudian, A, Friedman, J, Jordan, A, … Thi Hai Oanh, K

2022

" Potency-Enhancing Synthetics in the Drug Overdose Epidemic: Xylazine (Tranq), Fentanyl, Methamphetamine, and the Displacement of Heroin in Philadelphia and Tijuana." Journal of Illicit Economies and Development. Fernando Montero, Philippe Bourgois, Joseph Friedman

" Client Outreach in Los Angeles County’s Assisted Outpatient Treatment Program: Strategies and Barriers to Engagement." Research on Social Work Practice. Starks, SL, Kelly, EL, Castillo, EG, Meldrum ML, Bourgois P, Braslow, JT

" Correlates of Recent Overdose among People Who Inject Drugs in the San Diego-Tijuana Border Region." Drug and Alcohol Dependence. Bailey, K, Abramovitz D, Patterson TL, Harvey-Vera AY, Vera C, Rangel Gudelia M, Friedman J, Davidson P, Bourgois P, Strathdee S.

" Deported, Homeless, and into the Canal: Environmental Structural Violence in the Binational Tijuana River." Social Science and Medicine. Calderón-Villarreal, A, Terry B, Friedman J, González-Olachea SA, Chavez A, López MD, Bufanda LP, Martinez C, Medina Ponce S, Cazares-Adame R, Rochin Bochm PF, Kayser G, Strathdee S, Munoz Melendez G, Holmes S, Ietza B, Los Huertos M, Bourgois P

" The Introduction of Fentanyl on the US-Mexico Border: An Ethnographic Account Triangulated with Drug Checking Data from Tijuana." International Journal of Drug Policy. Joseph Friedman, Philippe Bourgois, Morgan Godvin, Alfonso Chavez, Lila Pacheco, Luis A. Segovia, Leo Beletsky, Jamie Arredondo

" An Ethnographic Assessment of COVID-19-Related Changes to the Risk Environment for People Who Use Drugs in Tijuana, Mexico." American Journal of Public Health. Joseph Friedman, Alhelí Calderón-Villarreal, Rebeca Cazares Adame, Daniela Abramovitz, Claudia Rafful, Gudelia Rangel, Alicia Vera, Steffanie A. Strathdee, Philippe Bourgois

" Xylazine spreads across the US: A growing component of the increasingly synthetic and polysubstance overdose crisis." Drug and Alcohol Dependence. Joseph Friedman, Fernando Montero, Philippe Bourgois, Rafik Wahbi, Daniel Dye, David Goodman-Meza, Chelsea Shover

2021

" The Violence of the American Dream in the Segregated US Inner-City Narcotics Markets of the Puerto Rican Colonial Diaspora." Duke University Press. 254-286, from Arias and Grisaffi Cocaine: from coca fields to the streets

" Racial/Ethnic, Social, and Geographic Trends in Overdose-Associated Cardiac Arrests Observed by US Emergency Medical Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic." JAMA Psychiatry. Joseph Friedman, Clay Mann, Helena Hansen, Philippe Bourgois, Joel Braslow, Alex But, Leo Beletsky, David Schriger

" Prevalence and predictors of recent temporary psychiatric hold among a cohort of people who inject drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California." Drug and Alcohol Dependence. Kelsey Simpson, Hrant Gevorgian, Alex Kral, Lynn Wenger, Philippe Bourgois, Ricky Bluthenthal

2020

" Client Outreach in Los Angeles County’s Assisted Outpatient Treatment Program: Strategies and Barriers to Engagement." Research on Social Work Practice. Sarah Starks, Erin Kelly, Enrico Castillo, Marcia Meldrum, Philippe Bourgois, Joel Braslow

" Interpersonal and Structural Violence in the Wake of COVID-19." American Journal of Public Health. Shamsher Samra, Todd Schneberk, Dennis Hsieh, Philippe Bourgois

" Intersectional structural vulnerability to abusive policing among people who inject drugs: A mixed methods assessment in california's central valley." International Journal of Drug Policy. Joseph Friedman, Jennifer Syvertsen, Philippe Bourgois, Alex Bui, Leo Beletsky, Robin Pollini

2019

"Structural vulnerability to narcotics-driven firearm violence: An ethnographic and epidemiological study of Philadelphia’s Puerto Rican inner-city." PLOS One

"My Child's Journey Home: Perspectives of Adult Family Members on the Separation and Reunification of the 'Disappeared' Children of El Salvador." Human Rights Quarterly 41:1:91-114.

"Teaching Social Medicine as Collaborative Ethnographic Research and Advocacy on Homelessness and Serious Mental Illness." In: Structural Competency in Mental Health and Medicine: A Case-Based Approach to Treating the Social Determinants of Health. Pp 75-85. Helena Hansen, Jonathan Metzl, eds. New York: Springer Publishing.

"Structural Violence: A 44-Year-Old Uninsured Man with Untreated Diabetes, Back Pain and a Felony Record." New England Journal of Medicine. 380:(3):205-209.

"Assessment of Racial/Ethnic and Income Disparities in the Prescription of Opioids and Other Controlled Medications in California." JAMA. 179:4:469-476. Doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.6721.

"Coming of Age in the Concrete Killing Fields of the US Inner City.” In: Exotic No More. 2nd edition. Jeremy Macclancy, ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

"The Political and Emotional Economy of Violence in US Inner City Narcotics Markets.” In: Ritual, Emotion, Violence: Studies on the Micro-Sociology of Randall Collins. Annette Lareau, Omar Lizardo, and Elliot Weininger, eds. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

2018

"Predatory Accumulation, Addiction and Lumpen Subjectivity: Comment on Joshua's Burraway's 'Remembering to Forget: Blacking-out in Itchy Park.'" Current Anthropology. 59:5:479-480.

"A Citywide Cluster Randomized Trial to Restore Blighted Vacant Land and Its Effects on Violence, Crime and Fear.” PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) 115(12):2946-2951. Methods Section.

"Differences in Time to Injection Onset by Drug in California: Implications for the Emerging Heroin Epidemic.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 185: 253-259.

"Decolonising drug studies in an era of predatory accumulation." Third World Quarterly 39:2:385-398.

2017

"Anthropology in Our Moment in History: Interview with Philippe Bourgois by Robert Borofsky." IN: Perspectives: An Open Invitation to Cultural Anthropology. Edited by Nina Brown, Laura Tubelle de González, and Thomas McIlwraith. Online 5pp. Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association.

"Drug Use Generations and Patterns of Injection Drug Use: Birth Cohort Differences among People Who Inject Drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 175: 210–218.

"Structural Vulnerability: Operationalizing the Concept to Address Health Disparities in Clinical Care." Academic Medicine 3:92:299-307.

2016

"Injecting drugs in tight spaces: HIV, cocaine and collinearity in the Downtown Eastside, Vancouver, Canada." International Journal of Drug Policy 33:36-43.

2015

"Poverty, Culture of." In: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, Volume 18. 305-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.12048-3

"Insecurity, the War on Drugs, and Crimes of the State: Symbolic Violence in the Americas." In: Violence at the Urban Margins 305-321.

2014

"The Moral Economy of Violence in the US Inner City." Current Anthropology 55(1): 1–22.

"Urban Segregation and the US Heroin Market: A Quantitative Model of Anthropological Hypotheses from an Inner-City Drug Market." International Journal of Drug Policy 25:3:543-555.

"Every 'Never' I Ever Said Came True: Transitions from opioid pills to heroin injecting." International Journal of Drug Policy 25:257-266.

"Non-Partner Violence Against Women Who Use Drugs in San Francisco." Violence Against Women 20:11:1285-1298.

2013

"The Good-Enough Science-and-Politics of Anthropological Collaboration with Evidence-Based Clinical Research: Four Ethnographic Case Studies." Social Science and Medicine 99:176-186.

"Pathologizing Poverty: New Forms of Diagnosis, Disability, and Structural Stigma under Welfare Reform." Social Science and Medicine 103:76-83.

"Interdisciplinary Mixed Methods Research with Structurally Vulnerable Populations: Case Studies of Injection Drug Users in San Francisco." International Journal of Drug Policy 24:101-109.

2012

"Sexual Pleasure and Sexual Risk among Women Who Use Methamphetamine: A Mixed Methods Study." International Journal of Drug Policy 23:385-392.

2011

"Structural Vulnerability and the Health: Latino Migrant Laborers in the United States." Medical Anthropology 30:4:339-362.

"The Structural Vulnerability Imposed by Hypersegregated US Inner-City Neighborhoods: A Theoretical and Practical Challenge for Substance Abuse Research." Addiction 106:11:1975-1977.

"Lumpen Abuse: The Human Cost of Righteous Neoliberalism." City and Society 23:1:2-12.

2010

"Recognizing Invisible Violence: A Thirty-Year Ethnographic Retrospective".” In Global Health in Times of Violence. Barbara Rylko-Bauer, Linda Whiteford, and Paul Farmer, eds. Santa Fe, NM: School for Advanced Research Press. Pp. 17-40.

"Useless Suffering: The War on Homeless Drug Addicts." In The Insecure American: How We Got Here and What We Should Do About It. Hugh Gusterson and Catherine Besteman, eds. Pp 238-254.

2008

"The Mystery of Marijuana: Science and the U.S. War on Drugs." Substance Use & Misuse. 43:581-583.

"Understanding Illicit Substance Use in the Real World." Medical Education. 42:532. (Ciccarone, Dan, Sharad Jain, and Philippe Bourgois.)

2007

"Intimate apartheid: ethnic dimensions of habitus among homeless heroin injectors."  Ethnography. 8:1:7-32. (Bourgois, Philippe and Jeff Schonberg.)

2006

"Reinterpreting Ethnic Patterns among White and African American Men Who Inject Heroin: A Social Science of Medicine Approach." PLoS Medicine. 3:10:e452.

"The Price of Adherence: Qualitative Findings From HIV+ Individuals Purchasing Fixed-Dose Combination Generic HIV Antiretroviral Therapy in Kampala, Uganda." AIDS and Behavior. (J. T. Crane, A. Kawuma, J. H. Oyugi, J. T. Byakika, A. Moss, P. Bourgois, and D. R. Bangsberg.)

2005

"Missing the Holocaust: My Father's Account of Auschwitz from August 1943 to June 1944." Anthropological Quarterly 78:1:89-123.

"You Can't Do Nothing in This Damn Place: Sex and Intimacy Among Couples With an Incarcerated Male Partner."The Journal of Sex Research 42:1:3-12.

"Social Structural Production of HIV Among Injection Drug Users." Social Science & Medicine 61:5:1026-1044 . (Third author with Tim Rhodes, Merrill Singer, Samuel Friedman, Steffanie Strathdee).

2004

"Introduction: Making Sense of Violence." IN: Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology. Edited by Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Philippe Bourgois. Pp. 1-27. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

"Everyday Violence and the Gender of Hepatitis C Among Homeless Drug-Injecting Youth in San Francisco." Human Organization . 63:3:253-264.

"Masculinity and Undocumented Labor Migration: Injured Latino Day Laborers in San Francisco." Social Science and Medicine . 59:6:1159-1168.

2003

"Philippe Bourgois in Amsterdam: An Interview." Moderated by Bowen Paulle. Amsterdams Sociologisch Tijdschrift 30:4:544-574.

"One Hundred Years of United Fruit Company Letters." In Banana Wars: Power, Production and History in the Americas.  Steve Striffler and Mark Moberg, eds.  Pp. 103-144.  Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press.

"Explaining the Geographic Variation of HIV among Injection Drug Users in the United States." Substance Use and Misuse . 38:14:2049-2063.

"Crack and the Political Economy of Social Suffering." Addiction Research and Theory . 11:1:31-37.

2002

"Ethnography’s Troubles and the Reproduction of Academic Habitus." International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. 15:4:417-420.

"Understanding Inner City Poverty: Resistance and Self-Destruction Under U.S. Apartheid." In Exotic No More: Anthropology on the Front Lines, Jeremy MacClancy, ed. Pp. 15-32. Chicago, Il: University of Chicago Press, 2002.

"The Politics of Photographic Aesthetics: Confronting the HIV Epidemic among Heroin Injectors in Russia." International Journal of Drug Policy . 13:387-392. (Co-authored.)

"Cross-Methodological and Theoretical Dialogue: Anthropology and Epidemiology on Drugs." International Journal of Drug Policy . 13:259-269.

"The Violence of Moral Binaries: Response to Leigh Binford." Ethnography . 3:2:221.

"Social Context of Work Injury among Undocumented Day Laborers in San Francisco." Journal of General Internal Medicine . 17:221-229.

"Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion Among Young Injection Drug Users: Relationships and Risks." Journal of Infectious Diseases. 186:11:1558-64.

2001

"The Power of Violence in War and Peace: Post-Cold War Lessons from El Salvador." Ethnography 2:1:5-34.

"Soft Tissue Infections Among Injection Drug Users—San Francisco, California, 1996-2000." MMWR Weekly. 50:381-384.

"Buprenorphine: ‘Field Trials' of a New Drug." Qualitative Health Research 11:1:69-84.

"Culture of Poverty." In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Smelser, NJ and Paul B. Baltes, eds.  Pp. 11904-11907. Oxford: Pergamon. 

2000

"Disciplining Addictions: The Bio-politics of Methadone and Heroin in the United States." Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry 24:2:165-195.

1998

"The Moral Economies of Homeless Heroin Addicts: Confronting Ethnography, HIV Risk and Everyday Violence in San Francisco Shooting Encampments." Substance Use and Misuse 33:11:2323-2351.

"Just Another Night in a Shooting Gallery." Theory, Culture and Society 15:2:37-66.

1997

"Overachievement in the Underground Economy: The Life Story of a Puerto Rican Stick up Artist in East Harlem." Free Inquiry in Creative Sociology. 25:23-32.

"Social Misery and the Sanctions of Substance Abuse: Confronting HIV Risk Among Homeless Heroin Addicts in San Francisco." Social Problems . 44:2:155-173.

1996

"Confronting Anthropology, Education, and Inner-City Apartheid." American Anthropologist 98:2:249-258.

1995

"Hope To Die a Dope Fiend." Cultural Anthropology . 10:4:587-593. (Co-authored.)

"Workaday World, Crack Economy." The Nation (December 4) pp. 706-11.

1990

"Confronting Anthropological Ethics: Lessons From Central America." International Journal of Peace Research 27:1:43-54.

1989

"Crack in Spanish Harlem: Culture and Economy in the Inner City." Anthropology Today 5:4:6-11.

"Introduction: Black and White in Color." City and Society 3:2: 101-105. (Co-authored.)

"If You're Not Black You're White: A History of Ethnic Relations in St. Louis." City and Society 3:2: 101-105.

1988

"Conjugated Oppression: Class and Ethnicity Among Kuna and Guaymi Banana Workers on a Corporate Plantation." American Ethnologist 15:2:328-348.

1987

"The Miskitu Conflict on the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua." IWGIA Newsletter 49:69-87.

1986

"The Miskitu of Nicaragua: Politicized Ethnicity." Anthropology Today 2:2:4-9.

1982

"What U.S. Foreign Policy Faces in Rural El Salvador." Monthly Review 34:14-30.

"Running for My Life in El Salvador: An American Caught in a Government Attack that Chiefly Killed Civilians." The Washington Post February 14. pp. C1,C5.

1981

"Class, Ethnicity and the State Among the Miskitu Amerindians of Northeastern Nicaragua." Latin American Perspectives 8:2:22-39.

Artículos en Español

2018

"La “Brega Legal”: Humillación Y Oposición En El Trabajo*." Antología del pensamiento crítico puertorriqueño contemporáneo. pp. 493-544. Coordinadoras Anayra Santory Jorge and Mareia Quintero Rivera

2013

"Habitus furibundo en el gueto estadounidense." Espacio Abierto 22:2:201-213.

2011

"La Lumpenización de los Sectores Vulnerables en la Guerra Contra la Droga en Estados Unidos." In Umbrales, Fugas de la Institución Total: Entre Captura y La Vida.. Edited by Dario Malventi. Pp.22-35. Sevilla: Universidad Internacional de Andalucía: Arte y Pensamientos.

2010

“Prefacio.” In Fumando mañas. Construcción del sentido de la realidad social en un contexto de ilegalidad. By César Augusto Tapias Hernández. Pp. 15-17. Bogota: Editorial de la Universidad del Rosario.

2009

"Treinta años de retrospectiva etnográfica sobre la violencia en las Américas." Julián López García, Santiago Bastos, Manuela Camus, eds. In Guatemala: Violencias Desbordadas. 29-62. Cordoba, Spain: Universidad de Cordoba, Servicio de Publicaciones.

2006

"Política y estética fotográfic: una documentación crítica de la epidemia de VIH entre inyectores de heroína en Rusia y los Estados Unidos." (Traducción de X Andrade y Fernando Montero Castrillo).

2004

"Crack-cocaína y economía política del sufrimiento social en Norteamérica." In Monografias Humanitas 5:95-103.

2002

"El poder de la violencia en la Guerra y en la paz: lecciones pos-Guerra Fría de El Salvador." Apuntes de Investigación del CECYP 8:73-98, 2002.

1993

"Introducción y Aspectos Metodológicos." Franklin Alcaraz del Castillo, Nilda Flores Salinas, Eunice Zambrana Villarroel, Philippe Bourgois. Niños Vulnerables. 15-20. Ministerio de Prevision Social y Salud Publica.

1980

"La Mosquitia y la Revolución: informe de una investigación rural en la Costa Atlántica norte.” In La Mosquitia en la Revolución. Pp. 89-149. Managua: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios de la Reforma Agraria (CIERA)

Articles en Français

2016

"Pax narcotica: Le marché de la drogue dans le ghetto portoricain de Philadelphie." Homme 3:(219-220):31–62. (Co-authored).

2010

"Violences étatiques et institutionnelles contre Ie Lumpen aux États-Unis.” Patrick Bruneteaux and Daniel Terrolle, eds. In L'arrière-cour de la mondialisation: ethnographie des paupérisés. Pp. 125-151. Paris: Editions du Croquant.

2009

“À la Marge. Risquer l’Anthropologie: Entretien avec Philippe Bourgois.” Altérités, 6:2:136-150. (Interview moderated by Nelson Arruda.)

2005

"Un 'apartheid intime': Dimensions ethniques de l’habitus chez les toxicomanes sans-abri de San Francisco." Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 160:32-45. (Co-authored).

2002

"La Violence en temps de guerre et en temps de paix: Leçons de l'après-guerre froide: l'exemple du Salvador." In Cultures & Conflits 47:81-116.

"Homeless in El Barrio." In La misère du monde. Pierre Bourdieu, Ed. Pp. 205-217. Paris: Editions du Seuil.

Artigos em Português

2009

“Tão perto de casa, tão longe de nós: etnografia das novas margens no centro: Entrevista com Philippe Bourgois." Interview moderated by Luis Fernandes. Etnográfica 13:1:197-211.

2001

"Marginalidade de Rua e Insegurança Urbana Segundo Philippe Bourgois." Interview moderated by Luis Fernandes. Olhares Seguros 3:2:12-13.

Articoli in Italiano

2008

"Sofferenza e vulnerabilità socialmente strutturate. Tossicodipendenti senzatetto negli Stati Uniti.” In Antropologia: Violenza Vol 8, num. 9 & 10:113-136. Rome: Meltemi.